ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: To assess the effects of the preoperative application of artificial tears combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor on the ocular surface function and inflammatory factor levels after operation in cataract patients complicated with dry eyes. Methods: A total of 118 cataract patients (118 eyes) complicated with dry eyes treated from February 2019 to February2020 were assigned to control and observation groups (n=59 eyes/group) using a random number table. One week before the operation, the control group was administered 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops (artificial tears), based on which the observation group received Beifushu eye drops (recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor), both 6 times daily for 1 week. A comparison was made between the scores of clinical symptoms and the indices of ocular surface function, inflammatory factors in tears, and oxidative stress indices before and after the operation. The ocular surface function was evaluated by an ocular surface disease index questionnaire, tear film breakup-time assay, Schirmer's I test, and corneal fluorescein stain test. The inflammatory factors in tears were measured. Results: No significant differences were noted in the general data and clinical symptom score, ocular surface disease index, tear film breakup-time, Schirmer's I test score, fluorescein stain score, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxide, and total antioxidant capacity before treatment between the 2 groups (p>0.05). After treatment, the clinical symptom score, ocular surface disease index, fluorescein stain score, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, malondial-dehyde and lipid peroxide declined significantly, and tear film breakup-time, Schirmer's I test score, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity increased in both the groups. The improvements in the clinical symptom score as well as in the indices of ocular surface function, inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress were more prominent in the observation group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Artificial tears combined with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor before operation. significantly improved the ocular surface function, reduced inflammatory factors in tears, and alleviated dry eye symptoms after operation in cataract patients.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da aplicação pré-operatória de lágrimas artificiais combinadas com o fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos bovinos recombinantes na função da superfície ocular e níveis de fator inflamatório após cirurgia em pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos. Métodos: Um total de 118 pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos (118 olhos), tratados entre fevereiro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, foram divididos em grupos de controle e de observação (n=59, 59 olhos) usando uma tabela de números aleatórios. Uma semana antes da cirurgia, o grupo controle recebeu colírio de hialuronato de sódio a 0,1% (lágrimas artificiais), enquanto o grupo de observação recebeu colírio Beifushu (fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos bovinos recombinantes), ambos, seis vezes ao dia, por uma semana. Antes do tratamento e um mês após a cirurgia, os escores de sintomas clínicos, índices de função da superfície ocular, níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas e índices de estresse oxidativo foram comparados. A função da superfície ocular foi avaliada pelo questionário do índice de doença da superfície ocular, ensaio de tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, teste I de Schirmer e teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea. Os níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas foram medidos. Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas nos dados gerais e no escore de sintomas clínicos, índice de doença da superfície ocular, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, escore do teste I de Schirmer, pontuação do teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea, interleucina-6, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, malondialdeído, superóxido dismutase, peróxido lipídico e capacidade antioxidante total antes do tratamento entre os dois grupos (p>0,05). Após o tratamento, o escore de sintomas clínicos, índice de doença da superfície ocular, escore do teste de coloração por fluoresceína da córnea, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, interleucina-6, malondialdeído e peróxido lipídico diminuíram significativamente, e o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, escore do teste I de Schirmer, superóxido dismutase e a capacidade antioxidante total aumentou em ambos os grupos. As melhorias no escore de sintomas clínicos, bem como os índices de função da superfície ocular, fatores inflamatórios e estresse oxidativo foram mais proeminentes no grupo de observação do que no grupo controle (p<0,05). Conclusões: Lágrimas artificiais combinadas com fator de crescimento de fibroblastos básicos recombinantes antes da cirurgia melhoram notavelmente a função da superfície ocular, diminuem os níveis de fatores inflamatórios nas lágrimas e aliviam os sintomas de olho seco após a cirurgia em pacientes com catarata complicada com olhos secos.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of autologous platelet?rich plasma (aPRP) eye drop and artificial tear (AT) eye drop in moderate to severe symptomatic dry eye disease (DED). Methods: This prospective interventional study included 121 eyes of 61 patients of moderate to severe DED. Patients were divided into aPRP (31 patients) and AT (30 patients) group. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, tear film breakup time (TBUT) (s), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score, and Schirmer test score (mm) of both the groups were evaluated and compared pre?treatment and post?treatment at the end of 3 months. Results: The mean age of the aPRP group and AT group was 52.8 ± 12.8 years and 55.5 ± 13.4 years, respectively. At the end of 3 months, OSDI score reduced more in the aPRP group as compared to AT group, and the mean difference (?22.7) was statistically significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in post?treatment Schirmer test score between the two groups (P = 0.44). Post?treatment improvement in TBUT and CFS score in the aPRP group was significantly higher in the aPRP group as compared to that in the AT group (P < 0.05). Bruising at the site of blood withdrawal was noted in two patients in the aPRP group. Conclusion: aPRP is safe and more effective than AT in treating patients with moderate to severe symptomatic DED
ABSTRACT
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) could effectively treat multiple hematological diseases. At present, with persistent improvement of transplantation techniques and rapid development of economy, more and more patients with hematological diseases are able to survive for a long time due to allo-HSCT treatment. Chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (coGVHD) is the most common ocular complication after allo-HSCT, which is primarily manifested with refractory dry eye. In severe cases, it may cause imbalance of ocular surface homeostasis and limbal stem cell insufficiency, further leading to a series of complications that threaten the visual function and eye health, such as corneal perforation and symblepharon, etc. It is highly difficult to cure these symptoms. At present, relevant studies of clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, treatment specification and pathogenesis of coGVHD have been gradually deepened within the international community. However, related research and the establishment of clinical specification are still in the primary stage in China. In this article, research progress on clinical characteristics and related mechanisms of coGVHD was reviewed, aiming to deepen the understanding of this disease by ophthalmologists, especially specialists in corneal and ocular surface diseases, and provide novel ideas for subsequent in-depth research.
ABSTRACT
@#AIM: To investigate the curative effect of polyethylene glycol(PEG)eye drops, polyacrylic acid(PAA)eye gel and sodium hyaluronate(SH)eye drops on dry eye syndrome after phacoemulsification. <p>METHODS: Patients with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in the hospital from February 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into PEG group, PAA group and SH group according to the application type of artificial tears. The clinical symptom scores, Schirmer I test, break-up time(BUT)and corneal fluorescein staining were observed and analyzed at 7, 14 and 30d after operation in the three groups. The curative effects were evaluated.<p>RESULTS: After 14 and 30d of operation, the score of dry eye symptom, Schirmer I and BUT in SH group were significantly better than those in PEG group and PAA group(<i>P</i><0.05). The staining score and tear film imaging score in SH group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups at 30 days after operation(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no significant difference in all indexes between PEG group and PAA group(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: PEG drops, PAA eye gel and SH eye drops all can alleviate the clinical symptoms of dry eye patients after cataract surgery, improve the state of tear film, which have good clinical curative effects. SH eye drops may be more advantageous.
ABSTRACT
Objective To synthesize a dual-function nanodrug with immunosuppression of tacrolimus (FK506) and lubrication of artificial tear carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), and provide a basis for the clinical treatment of dry eye syndrome. Methods The FK506 nanocrystals were prepared by ultrasonic method, and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) and CMC were deposited alternatively on the surface of FK506 nanocrystals using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology to prepare the bifunctional nanodrug. The morphology, particle size, surface charge, and composition of the nanodrug were analyzed. Results The particle size of FK506 nanocrystals was uniform, and the FK506-(PAH/CMC)3 was approximately spherical with uneven surface. Zeta potential detection results showed that the charge changed alternatively with the increasing of layer number. The results of laser scanning confocal imaging and infrared spectroscopy showed that PAH and CMC were successfully modified on the surface of FK506 nanocrystals. Conclusion The prepared FK506-(PAH/CMC)3 nanodrug is expected to provide a scientific basis for the combined treatment of dry eye.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study on the clinical curative effect of artificial tear gel combined with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops for the treatment of xeroma. Methods 62 cases of patients from March 2014 to December 2015 were grouped and treated with different methods, After the treatment, the content of the evaluation index was statistically analyzed. Results The treatment of artificial tear gel combined with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops total effective rate of treatment was 93.55% in the control group than the treatment with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops 80.65% (P<0.05); the cure rate of the observation group, fluorescein staining rate, the normal rate of tear secretion, tear normal rate was better than the control group (P<0.05); all have statistical significance. Conclusion Xeroma were treated by artificial tears treatment gel combined with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops, higher cure rate and total effective rate of treatment can be obtained, has a high therapeutic value, Worthy of clinical popularization and Application.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study on the clinical curative effect of artificial tear gel combined with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops for the treatment of xeroma. Methods 62 cases of patients from March 2014 to December 2015 were grouped and treated with different methods, After the treatment, the content of the evaluation index was statistically analyzed. Results The treatment of artificial tear gel combined with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops total effective rate of treatment was 93.55% in the control group than the treatment with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops 80.65% (P<0.05); the cure rate of the observation group, fluorescein staining rate, the normal rate of tear secretion, tear normal rate was better than the control group (P<0.05); all have statistical significance. Conclusion Xeroma were treated by artificial tears treatment gel combined with Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops, higher cure rate and total effective rate of treatment can be obtained, has a high therapeutic value, Worthy of clinical popularization and Application.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical effects of artificial tear gel combined with diclofenac sodium in the treatment with xerophthalmia.Methods 110 patients with xerophthalmia were chosen as study subjects,and they were divided into research group(artificial tear gel + diclofenac sodium)and control group(artificial tear gel).BUT,FS,SIT,mental statue,symptom score and clinical effects after 20 days were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of research group was 90.48%,which of the control group was 75.24%,the difference was statistically significant(x2=8.582,P<0.05).The FS[(0.87±0.15)points vs.(1.53±0.84)points]of the research group was lower than that of the control group after treatment,and the BUT[(9.86±1.13)s vs.(5.71±1.27)s],SIT[(6.85±1.59)mm/5min vs.(4.38±2.07)mm/5min]of the research group were higher than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t=7.926,21.352,9.697,all P<0.05).After treatment,the symptom score of the research group was lower than that of the control group[(8.39±3.24)points vs.(12.85±3.42)points],the difference was statistically significant(t=9.701,P<0.05).The SDS score [(37.16±5.63)points vs.(56.49±6.14)points]and SAS score[(35.24±5.38)points vs.(54.30±6.42)points]of the research group were lower than those of the control group after treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(t=23.777,23.317,all P<0.05).Conclusion Artificial tear gel combined with diclofenac sodium can rapidly improve the clinical symptom of xerophthlmia and treatment effect.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To evaluate changes in tear film stability and meibomian gland function and the clinic efficacy of three different artificial tears in patients with preoperative dry eye after phacoemulsification.METHODS:All 90 cataract patients (90 eyes) with preoperative dry eye who underwent phacoemulsification randomly divided into three groups (Group A treated with protein-free calf blood extract ophthalmic gel;Group B treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops;Group C treated with Vitamin A palmitate eye gel).Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Schimer's I test(SⅠt), tear film break time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL) and meibography were performed for all patients preoperatively and 7, 30 and 90d postoperatively.RESULTS:No statistical differences existed among the three preoperative groups (P>0.05).Except meibomian gland score, there was no statistical significance among preoperatively and 7, 30, 90d postoperatively of the three groups (P>0.05).At 7d postoperatively, SⅠt and BUT of every group were lower than those before treatment, FL scores and OSDI scores were higher than those preoperative (P0.05).At 30d postoperatively, SIt, BUT, OSDI scores in group A and C were better than in group B, which displayed statistical differences (P0.05).CONCLUSION:Tear film stability and meibomian gland function were affected by phacoemulsification.Topical application of deproteinised calf blood extract eye gel, sodium hyaluronate eye drops and Vitamin A palmitate eye gel all hase a clearly beneficial effect on subjective symptoms.Deproteinised calf blood extract eye gel and Vitamin A Palmitate Eye Gel had more powerful effect on BUT than sodium hyaluronate, however deproteinised calf blood extract eye gel is more effective in superficial punctuate keratopathy.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the biological effects of preservative-free artificial tear drops on cultured human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. METHODS: The effects of the preservative-free artificial tear drops (Kynex(R) 0.1%, Kynex II(R) 0.18% [Alcon, Seoul, Korea] and Hyaluni eye drops(R) 0.15%, 0.3% [Taejun, Seoul, Korea]) on the human corneal epithelial cells were evaluated. An methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)-based colorimetric assay was performed to assess the cellular metabolic activity and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay was used to determine cellular toxicity. The eye drop ingredients were analyzed for electrolyte composition, pH, and osmolarity. We performed a scratch assay and cellular morphology test using electronic microscopy. RESULTS: The metabolic activity of corneal epithelial cells was higher than controls at 24 hours after exposure and then decreased at 48 and 72 hours after exposure (p < 0.05). The LDH titers of the 4 eye drops were higher compared with controls (p < 0.05). Sodium hyaluronate 0.18% contained lower concentrations of Na+ or Cl- and showed lower osmolarity values compared with the other eye drops. The cellular migration based on the scratch assay was more delayed and cellular damage such as loss of microvilli, rough endothelial reticulum (RER), and mitochondria dilatation was greater than controls based on electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to preservative-free sodium hyaluronate eye drops may induce decreased metabolic activity and cellular damage. Thus, preservative-free artificial tears should be used carefully to prevent cellular toxicity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cornea , Dilatation , Epithelial Cells , Epithelium , Hyaluronic Acid , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Microscopy , Microscopy, Electron , Microvilli , Mitochondria , Ophthalmic Solutions , Osmolar Concentration , Reticulum , Seoul , Sodium , TearsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the biologic effects of preservative-free artificial tear drops on cultured human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. METHODS: The effects of preservative-free artificial tear drops (sodium hyaluronate 0.1% (Kynex(R), Alcon, Seoul, Korea), sodium hyaluronate 0.18% (Kynex2(R), Alcon, Seoul, Korea), and sodium hyaluronate 0.3% (Hyaluni eye drops 0.3%(R), Taejoon, Seoul, Korea)) on human corneal epithelial cells were evaluated. Cellular proliferation was determined using MTT (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) and Ki-67 assays. Cellular migration was determined using CD44 and scratch wound assays. Cell damage was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and cellular morphologies using electronic microscopy and inverted microscopy. RESULTS: Proliferation of corneal epithelial cells, as determined by the MTT and Ki-67 assays, was not significantly different between the different eye drops (p > 0.05). The measured value of cellular migration after exposure of the sodium hyaluronate 0.3%, as determined by mean CD44 percentage and scratch wound assay, was higher than that of the sodium hyaluronate 0.1% and sodium hyaluronate 0.18%, but the CD44 value was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The LDH titer tended to increase as the concentration of sodium hyaluronate increased (p > 0.05), but influence on cytoplasm, as determined by electronic microscopy, was not different. CONCLUSIONS: Among 3 preservative-free artificial tear drops, sodium hyaluronate 0.3% demonstrated increased migration of corneal epithelial cells. As the concentration of sodium hyaluronate in eye drops increased, the corneal cytotoxicity of corneal epithelial cells also increased. However, there was no significant difference among the 3 tear drops.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Proliferation , Cornea , Cytoplasm , Epithelial Cells , Hyaluronic Acid , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Microscopy , Ophthalmic Solutions , Seoul , Tears , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In this study we compared the surface wettability of ocular prosthesis and depositions depending on different types of artificial tear eye drops. METHODS: The artificial tear eye drops contain sodium hyaluronate (HA) 0.1%, 0.18%, 0.3%, carboxylmethylcellulose sodium (CMC), hydroxymethylcelluose + dextran (HMC), propylene glycol + polyethylene glycol (PG), polysorbate 80 (PS) povidone (Pov) were evaluated. Flat rectangular parallelepiped blocks consisting of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or silicone materials were made. One artificial tear eye drop was applied on the surface of two different blocks of artificial eyes using a 23-gauge needle. Then, the static method contact angle was measured by using a contact angle goniometer. To measure the deposits, a petri dish was covered with 3 mL of artificial tear eye drops and dried for 48 hours at room temperature. Then, the light transmittance at the center of the petri dish was measured to investigate the amount of the residue. RESULTS: The contact angles of HA 0.1%, 0.18%, 0.3%, CMC, HMC, PG, PS and Pov on PMMA were 78.69degrees, 84.29degrees, 75.46degrees, 80.93degrees, 66.29degrees, 71.26degrees, 58.40degrees and 70.24degrees, respectively. The contact angles on silicone were 53.68degrees, 60.87degrees, 64.46degrees, 62.78degrees, 38.89degrees, 63.58degrees, 30.68degrees and 51.41degrees, respectively. The largest decrease in transparency was observed in the artificial tear eye drops containing HMC. CONCLUSIONS: The wettability and deposits on the surface of ocular prosthesis can vary based on the components and concentration of artificial tear eye drops. The results from this study should be considered when choosing the right artificial tear eye drops for improving dry eye symptoms in patients wearing ocular prostheses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anophthalmos , Dextrans , Dry Eye Syndromes , Eye, Artificial , Hyaluronic Acid , Needles , Ophthalmic Solutions , Polyethylene Glycols , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Polysorbates , Povidone , Propylene Glycol , Silicones , Sodium , Tears , WettabilityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In this study we compared the surface wettability of ocular prosthesis and depositions depending on different types of artificial tear eye drops. METHODS: The artificial tear eye drops contain sodium hyaluronate (HA) 0.1%, 0.18%, 0.3%, carboxylmethylcellulose sodium (CMC), hydroxymethylcelluose + dextran (HMC), propylene glycol + polyethylene glycol (PG), polysorbate 80 (PS) povidone (Pov) were evaluated. Flat rectangular parallelepiped blocks consisting of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or silicone materials were made. One artificial tear eye drop was applied on the surface of two different blocks of artificial eyes using a 23-gauge needle. Then, the static method contact angle was measured by using a contact angle goniometer. To measure the deposits, a petri dish was covered with 3 mL of artificial tear eye drops and dried for 48 hours at room temperature. Then, the light transmittance at the center of the petri dish was measured to investigate the amount of the residue. RESULTS: The contact angles of HA 0.1%, 0.18%, 0.3%, CMC, HMC, PG, PS and Pov on PMMA were 78.69degrees, 84.29degrees, 75.46degrees, 80.93degrees, 66.29degrees, 71.26degrees, 58.40degrees and 70.24degrees, respectively. The contact angles on silicone were 53.68degrees, 60.87degrees, 64.46degrees, 62.78degrees, 38.89degrees, 63.58degrees, 30.68degrees and 51.41degrees, respectively. The largest decrease in transparency was observed in the artificial tear eye drops containing HMC. CONCLUSIONS: The wettability and deposits on the surface of ocular prosthesis can vary based on the components and concentration of artificial tear eye drops. The results from this study should be considered when choosing the right artificial tear eye drops for improving dry eye symptoms in patients wearing ocular prostheses.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anophthalmos , Dextrans , Dry Eye Syndromes , Eye, Artificial , Hyaluronic Acid , Needles , Ophthalmic Solutions , Polyethylene Glycols , Polymethyl Methacrylate , Polysorbates , Povidone , Propylene Glycol , Silicones , Sodium , Tears , WettabilityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the biologic effects of preservative-free artificial tear drops on cultured human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. METHODS: Efficacies of the preservative-free artificial tear drops-Kynex(R), Hyalein Mini 0.3%(R), and Refresh Plus(R)-were evaluated using the MTT assay. Cell damage was determined using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Cellular proliferation was determined using a migration and wound-healing assay. The ingredients of the drugs were analyzed. Apoptotic response was evaluated with flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: Metabolic activity of the corneal epithelial cells showed similar activity to that of the control. Cellular migration and proliferation also were not significantly different between the preservative-free artificial tear drop groups and the control. The LDH titers tended to increase for up to 24 hours after exposure to the preservative-free artificial tear drops, but there was no significant difference in LDH titers between the control groups and the artificial tear drop-treated groups. Apoptosis and necrosis were observed using flow cytometry at 24 hours in all groups. The electrolyte levels, pHs and osmolarities of the three drugs were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: The clinically available preservative-free artificial tear drops Kynex(R), Hyalein Mini 0.3%(R), and Refresh Plus(R) had no significant toxic effects on corneal epithelial cells and thus can be used safely.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Epithelial Cells , Eye, Artificial , Flow Cytometry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Necrosis , Osmolar Concentration , TearsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the biologic effects of topical ocular artificial tears used in patients wearing contact lens on in vitro corneal epithelial cells. METHODS: The efficacies of the topical artificial tears Iris(R), Irisplus(R), Eyemiru contact pure(R), and Eye2O(R) were evaluated using the MTT and wound healing assays. Cell damage was determined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the solution ingredients were analyzed. Cellular morphologies were examined by inverted light microscopy and transmission electromicroscopy. RESULTS: Metabolic activity of corneal epithelial cells, as determined by the MTT assay, decreased in the Iris(R) eye drop group, but those of the other groups were similar to that of the control. The LDH titers increased up to one hour after Iris(R) eye drop use, and the increased level was maintained for 24 hours. The other three artificial tears showed similar low LDH titers to that of the control. Cellular migration was not observed, although cellular damage to the corneal epithelial cells, such as chromatin margination and cytoplasmic organelle swelling, was prominent with Iris(R) use. CONCLUSIONS: Among four brands of topical artificial tear drops used among patients wearing contact lens, Iris(R) caused markedly more severe damage to cultured human corneal epithelial cells than did Irisplus(R), Eyemiru contact pure(R), or Eye2O(R).
Subject(s)
Humans , Chromatin , Cytoplasm , Epithelial Cells , Eye , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Light , Microscopy , Ophthalmic Solutions , Organelles , Tears , Wound HealingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine the effect of artificial tear use on central corneal thickness (CCT) in dry and normal eyes as a standard diagnosis for indicating dry eye. METHODS: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with symptomatic dry eyes and 25 eyes of 25 controls were examined in this study. Artificial tear therapy consisting of 6 drops/day was given to both groups for 2 weeks. The CCT was measured with ultrasonic pachymetry before and after the therapy. Results were analyzed with a paired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The mean CCT in the dry eye group before and after the 2 weeks of therapy was 528.9+/-17.3 micrometer and 556+/-25.3 micrometer, respectively, which is an increase of 5.28% (27.1+/-9.2 micrometer, p<0.01). The mean CCT in the control group before and after the 2 weeks of therapy was 546.3+/-36.5 micrometer and 549.6+/-39.3 micrometer, respectively, which is an increase of 0.61% (3.3+/-2.8 micrometer, p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The CCT in the dry eye group increased significantly compared to the eyes in the control group after use of artificial tears. The results indicate that the increase could be used as a standard in the diagnosis and follow-up of dry eyes, and the increase in thickness should be considered in intraocular pressure measurements as well as in refractive surgical procedures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eye , Follow-Up Studies , Intraocular Pressure , Ophthalmic Solutions , Refractive Surgical Procedures , Tears , UltrasonicsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To identify the effects of artificial tear instillation on tear film changes using wavefront aberrations. METHODS: Artifical tear was instilled every 2 hours for 14 days into 20 normal eyes and 20 dry eyes. The changes in tear film using wavefront aberrations were analyzed 1 minute after the final instillation of artifical tear. RESULTS: In dry eyes, total wavefront aberration and total high order wavefront aberration decreased significantly (p<0.05). In normal eyes, total wavefront aberration and high order wavefront aberration did not decrease. CONCLUSIONS: Stabilization of the tear film after instillation of artificial tear may be responsible for the decrease of wavefront abberation in dry-eye patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , TearsABSTRACT
We intended to evaluate the viscosity-dependent distribution of tear film after dropping of three artificial tears with different viscosity. We measured the corneal thickness including tear film thickness after dropping of Optagent[Povidon iodide 2%; viscosity: 1.5millimeter2/sec], Tears naturale free[hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.3%, dextran 0.1%;6.4 millimeter2/sec], Lacura [sodium hyaluronate 0.1%;4.6 millimeter2/sec]in 12 adult men and women without dry eye by optical beam scanning differential pachymetry of Orbscan topography. 1 minute after dropping, the thickness of 3 millimeter superior and inferior to center of cornea increased respectively 4.1 +/-0.4 micrometer, 0.4 +/-0.1micrometer[p=0.014]in Optagent, 2.4 +/-0.3 micrometer, 2.3 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.425]in Tears naturale free and 2.5 +/-0.5 micrometer, 2.0 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.126]in Lacure. 10 minute after dropping, the thickness of 3 millimeter superior and inferior to center of cornea increased respectively 2.7 +/-0.3 micrometer, 0.3 +/-0.1 micrometer[p=0.025]in Optagent, 1.7 +/-0.2 micrometer, 1.6 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.326]in Tears naturale free and 1.4 +/-0 .4 micrometer, 1.2 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.237]in Lacura. In conclusion, the artificial tears with relatively high viscosity dstributed evenly along the corneal surface after dropping, but those with relatively low viscosity distributed mainly superior to center of cornea with statistical significance. So when treating of corneal lesion in dry eye, we think that artificial tears with proper viscosity will be needed according to the location of the lesion.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cornea , Dextrans , Methylcellulose , Ophthalmic Solutions , Tears , ViscosityABSTRACT
We intended to evaluate the viscosity-dependent distribution of tear film after dropping of three artificial tears with different viscosity. We measured the corneal thickness including tear film thickness after dropping of Optagent[Povidon iodide 2%; viscosity: 1.5millimeter2/sec], Tears naturale free[hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.3%, dextran 0.1%;6.4 millimeter2/sec], Lacura [sodium hyaluronate 0.1%;4.6 millimeter2/sec]in 12 adult men and women without dry eye by optical beam scanning differential pachymetry of Orbscan topography. 1 minute after dropping, the thickness of 3 millimeter superior and inferior to center of cornea increased respectively 4.1 +/-0.4 micrometer, 0.4 +/-0.1micrometer[p=0.014]in Optagent, 2.4 +/-0.3 micrometer, 2.3 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.425]in Tears naturale free and 2.5 +/-0.5 micrometer, 2.0 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.126]in Lacure. 10 minute after dropping, the thickness of 3 millimeter superior and inferior to center of cornea increased respectively 2.7 +/-0.3 micrometer, 0.3 +/-0.1 micrometer[p=0.025]in Optagent, 1.7 +/-0.2 micrometer, 1.6 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.326]in Tears naturale free and 1.4 +/-0 .4 micrometer, 1.2 +/-0.2 micrometer[p=0.237]in Lacura. In conclusion, the artificial tears with relatively high viscosity dstributed evenly along the corneal surface after dropping, but those with relatively low viscosity distributed mainly superior to center of cornea with statistical significance. So when treating of corneal lesion in dry eye, we think that artificial tears with proper viscosity will be needed according to the location of the lesion.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cornea , Dextrans , Methylcellulose , Ophthalmic Solutions , Tears , ViscosityABSTRACT
We investigated the biological effects and cytotoxicity of the artificial tear formulations and anti-inflammatory agents on the cultured keratocytes of rabbit in vitro by using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay and transmission electron microscopy. In the artificial tear fomualations, the LDH titer of the Tears naturale and Protagent were more increased with time, but the Tears naturale II and Tears naturale free was slowly progressed or has narrow range of LDH increasing. In the anti-inflammatory agent, the LDH titer of the all eye solutions was increased with time, especially Maxidex and Fluorometholone. Non-steroid, Decrol was less than other anti-inflammatory agents in Na+, K+, Cl- electrolyte compositon. Especially, the LDH titer of the artificial tear formulations and anti-inflammatory agents containing the benzalkonium chloride (BAC) or low Na+, K+, Cl- composition was more increased with time. The typical rabbit keratocytes were elongated and had not prominent nuclei. But the higher the titer of LDH, the keratocytes were visible round and swollen, and were injured with the disruption of plasma membrane, vacuole formation in cytoplasm, and damage of nuclei in transmission electron microscopy. As the use of topical drug containing low Na+, K+, Cl- or Benzalkonium chloride should be induced a particulary toxic effect on keratocyte, we should be carefully use these topical eye solutions, especially when the epithelium is denuded.